In the past decade, the only chapter that our country has met every year, obligations to Brussels is the Chapter of recycling packaging waste, which is recycled approximately 500,000 tons annually, and generates a about 70 of million.
"Why throw the garbage separately? I nowhere have where to put three bins for garbage recicle in the kitchen. Then i can not find a container next to the block so i have to cross with the bags.
"Andrew point of view, 28, is common among those who do not embrace or understand the selective collection. But in the same way the thinking started with the Europeans, where today the collection is a natural habit. "When I first heard of the collection, I wondered what hath. I do not understand why I have to change the way i throw the garbage.
A friend told me that she doesn't even have space at home for that. It was weird at first, but now everything seems natural and not many people forget to properly separate papers glass and PET bottles from household waste, "says Martina, which is not Romanian, and lives in northern Belgium. When you hear about the situation in Romania, young hardly seems amazing that the same thing happens in Belgium, but 15-20 years ago. However, nothing can happen overnight, she says, while snaps she's fingers.
"The fact is that now, when you wake up with a red sticker pasted on the garbage bag and you are the only one in whole street, you have shame from neighbors and go off and look in the bag to see what you did threw wrong. "Nobody gets away with it, given that those who pick up the trash are very insightful.
There are usually two people: a girl who looks carefully into the bag to see if it slipped something wrong and decides if the garbage man leaves or stays and a very solid pick up of bags of garbage collected properly in the car. And red sticker pasted on bags is not only a penalty in front of the neighbors, because three mistakes bag still remains in front of the gate, but in addition comes a fine from the police of two to three hundred dollars. In Romania, the story is just beginning. Perception of selective collection is not very clear, and many Romanians are wondering, perhaps, "What i gain if i do not throw the garbage in a pile ? '.
Circuit of packs in nature
We go back in time for ten years. The first signs of selective collection appeared in national legislation and spoke for the first time in Romania of the obligationsof recycling and recovery of packaging waste.
New rules aimed the businesses, and not the population and started in 2004, following the formalities of accession to the EU acquis through learning. The initial target was to recycle 15% of packaging waste put on the market by the undertakings.
Percentages gradually increased from year to year, both for total packaging put on the market and for each type of material in hand – plastic, metal, paper, cardboard, glass and wood – and for some packaging such as PET and aluminum appeared specific obligations placed on producers and importers of packaged goods since 2011.
Companies could be internal legal responsibile to manage or delegate tasks of an organization to meet its objectives transfer. Same time, local authorities were required by law to create the framework for compliance.
Knowing already of the similar procedure from abroad, multinationals have established an association to create a new structure with a common interest to observe government decision. Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Brau Union, Mars, Unilever, and Ball Packaging Argus founded in 2004 Eco-Rom package, the first organization of transfer.
"I went first to 11 of collention companies and all have shown interest. At that time still worked the REMAT system. They were authorized to collect waste, and the only requirement in addition to what is to separate packaging waste, "recalls Sorin Cristian Popescu, CEO of the company –" were is no sorting equipment, everything is done manually. "
For the effort that made him collect the waste, Eco-Rom supported 20-25% of the cost, so it created additional interest to collect more than this waste. And market was different ten years ago. Nationally there were four glass recyclers, 13 paper and about ten plastic and metals were going to major steel mills, most closed in the coming years. As sanitation operators, they say that only a few years began to separately collect waste land, sorting is done by 2009 in their own backyard.
"At the beginning of the system, garbage rose together, though they were collected compartments. Insignificant amounts of waste were made for unprofitable business, "said Dan Ceausescu above, director of Urban Sanitation in Bucharest.
Once inside the office, they were still segregated for beeing recycling by our employees, without knowing of population. Since then the volume has increased, and now the garbage economically justified the existence of separate streams.
Those from Romprest declared that the implementation is still in progress, so "we can not say that it is a turnover, but rather the cost, implementation and selective collection of precollecting with certainty only that the investment".
Another manager of a sanitation operator, Zoltan Ecobihor Pasztai from Oradea, says that all the collection and the perception among the population that has not changed much – "are only 15% that meets the remainder expected to be fined as then enter the system. "From an operator's turnover sanitation, collection and recovery of recyclable waste can reach 35%.
After ten years, fulfilling the obligations of Romania on packaging waste was zero. Today, Eco-Rom packaging meets 71.5% of Romania's obligation regarding the recycling of packaging waste, according to the National Environmental Protection Agency. Seven other players on the market of transfer organizations grouping the remaining approximately 30%.
Ileana Dumitru, director of legal and corporate affairs Bergenbier says that recycling of legal obligations imposed by the EU and national legislation, the company last year paid 0.25% of turnover, some good hundred thousands of euros.
"Legal obligations should be fulfilled by all subjects of law. However, companies may require their own specific targets for recycling and then to capitalize on the benefits of image, "said Dumitru. She says that, Bergenbier employee evaluations revealed that they tend to be motivated by the fact that a company is responsible from the point of view of environmental protection.
Naturally, the obligation of producers to recycle packaging is converted by companies into a marketing tool. If Coca-Cola, a bottle Dorna example, launched in 2012 as part of Coca-Cola HBC initiative to reduce the amount of packaging materials used it in the packaging water company.
PET packaging of water and Dorna White Spring have been modified to be lighter by 25%, it can twist occupying so little space and, consequently, are more easily stored for recycling. Last year, every sixth PET bottle CCHBC products were collected separately and recycled.
Tatiana Jar, head of preventive services and environmental protection in the oil producer Argus, says that companies can use tactics that turn requirement for recycling in a promotion, and information about the impact of packaging waste by using that product, Minimum exploitation of resources, the positive effects it has on the price of recycled product packaging or creates new jobs. On average, 55-60% of packaging placed on the market from Argus are made from recycled material.
This percentage represents the weight of pallets generally recycled product packaging and weight. Jar admits that the population tends to be somewhat skeptical about buying a product packaged in recycled material and put this attitude to low briefings on the subject, which results in an uncertainty over the impact on the product.
Employees Bergenbier, Coca-Cola HBC and Argus offices selective collect garbage for years, but the practice was not widely adopted among other companies in Romania as long as they were not stimulated in any way to separate waste. A milestone in the field of recycling was reaching maximum threshold of 60% recovery of packaging waste put on the market in 2013. For 2014 legislative obligations are preserved in the previous year. Currently there are discussions at European level on increasing current recycling obligations since 2016.
"Most of the major European manufacturers present in Romania have long known that packages are important sources of competitive advantage for their products," notes Stefan Liute previously director of Storience, branding agency specializing in strategy, adding that, to us, only part the manufacturers have learned this, but it's "gratifying" that the number of people investing in good packaging from all points of view increases.
The ratio of the product image, the visual, and proximity to nature will not balance than when the climate or recycled will be combined with economic efficiency.
If the recycling of glass and paper recyclers can be counted on the fingers of one hand, the increasing international prices of oil, the raw material for PET, prompted the development of several businesses in the field. "Effervescence was determined and the exponential increase in the market value of the waste plastics," explains Sorin Popescu.
After 2000, the bottlers have passed more than packaging glass to PET due to attractive prices. Inventor of the PET beer, Virgil Mailat, founder of Bere Mures, 2008 story in Business Magazine about his idea of giving up the bottle.
Bere Mures founder, who sold his business to Heineken, said the Slovaks, its suppliers of malt, laughed initial idea to produce beer in PET, saying it's crazy to use good ingredients so for some Why it will never work.
He won the dispute and fight the beer market in Romania with the following argument: "Romaniand does not like when you have to take the bottle to the store or when they put a few bottles of beer that make no more than two liters.
He wants to take more at once, and with PET beer bottles in the bag with 3 bottles he make six liters. Of course he will be happy, and that it was later confirmed when I saw that is sold the best in two-liter PET bottles. "PET beer sales in 2007 reached half a billion euros, and today is more than 50% of the total market.
Following the explosion of PET, the selling price of the waste PET increased from 100 euros / tonne in 2002 to 400 euros. Today, a ton of PET cost 600 euro, which has caused many businesses to move toward this. In addition, packaging recycling targets imposed by the authorities grew from year to year.
Some have not joined the platoon and took advantage of the lack of competition. "It will be a long time till I will recoup the investment in the recycled glass factory. At the time, I could do anything else with that money. For example, buy two or three apartments, which I had brought extra income and so on hand a sure thing without risks.
Necessary equipment recycling but degrade over time, "says Cristian Dumitrache, executive director of TC Rom Glass, the only company in Romania that recycles glass. Established in 1992, the company began work in trade, because seven years later to go to the glass business.
The man who opened the doors of the business glass recycler is one of the bosses at Stirom glass manufacturer, a company bought by the Greek group Youla. "It so happened that at the end of a discussion we had a talk about the bottles, and I knew at that time many wine producers. I told him how I see myself in Romania and the distribution of bottles and I convinced him, "says head TC Rom Glass.
The company founded by Dumitrache started importing fragments for the production of glass packaging Youla group in 1999 and 2006, with a grant from the Environmental Fund, bought the first machine to recycle glass. Basically, the 2006 TC Rom quit importing Glass shards and began to produce their glass they recycle, Youla ( through Stirom factory in Bucharest ) is the sole beneficiary of production.
"This under-standing verbal founded a dream," recalls Dumitrache. The dream of talking head TC Rom Glass is represented by the approximately 300,000 tons of glass on which people and companies in Romania throw them annually.
By population, another important source collection is the factories producing canned drinks or whose chipped and broken glass during the manufacturing process to reach 0.5% of the total production.
Moreover, after about a year and a half brewers use bottles replace damaged by the high number of cycles bottling and transportation to and from resellers and end customers. Just as in the case of PET recyclers, much of the production is exported TC Glass Rom form fragments resulting from the recycling process are used in the factories of Greek group Youla and Container Glass Company in Moldova.
The glass company brought last year the led business to Dumitrache of 5 million – "profit margin is very small for a bottle – 2-3%. Shards business is a healthy business that, even if significant growth remains stable. After all, our most important task is to collect all the money in the market. "
Romania recycles approximately 450,000 tonnes of packaging waste, according to the latest statistics, and quantities must increase by 20% over the next two years. EU expected to increase obligations recycling packaging waste since 2016 by amending the Directive in this area. The new recycling targets for plastics will increase from 22.5% to 45% and total recycling target from 55% to 75%.
Calculations for 2011, the latest national statistics show that the market of packaging waste generated in Romania is about 70 million, taking into account the average price per ton of waste.
Through Eco-Rom packaging, companies in Romania in the last decade have recycled approximately 2.6 million tonnes of packaging waste.
This instance means a saving of 5.2 million tonnes of natural resources. To meet targets on recycling, manufacturers and importers of packaged goods market in Romania have paid 280 million. 80% of this amount annually are directed to waste management companies and separate collection system expansion: providing services for collecting, sorting and transportation of waste to recycling plants, investments in infrastructure for separate collection and population information campaigns and educate the population on the importance of separate collection of packaging waste.
By the separate collection of packaging waste and made substantial investments in developing its industry, Eco-Rom package supports about 20% of the labor market in Romania in the field of waste management.
More specifically, the creation of 6,600 jobs in 2011, while in 2012 their number will reach 9,450, according to the latest national statistics. Number of localities receiving service separate collection of packaging is 464.
Then in 2020 local authorities are required to recycle 50% of municipal waste – although actual percentage that ranks Romania is 1%, according to official statistics, and 6-7 %, as the companies in the industry. Municipalities are obliged now to divert 15% of waste from landfill to landfill.
So far have contributed to the education of the population only private companies required by law to recycle part of packaging put on the market, while the Halls have not made too much of this. On account information campaigns realization of private actors, nine out of ten households in Romania know what three of ten separate collection and even separate packaging waste. Currently, the Romans collected separately 50 times more than eight years ago, when they first learned about the separation and recycling.
Amounts collected from citizens increased from 800 tons in 2006 to about 40,000 tons by the end of 2013. There is a notable difference between Transylvania and the rest of the country, residents and local authorities was significantly higher in Carpathian region, according to in the industry.
The main role would be to ensure collection infrastructure. "It makes no sense to do campaigns, if the infrastructure does not exist," says William Vermeir, president express transfer of responsibility organization in Belgium.
He noted the progress made by Romania in recent years on increasing the amount of municipal waste recycled: "At this moment Romania do not keep up with the countries of Western Europe, and how waste legislation is implemented in the 28 EU countries show major differences. But there are signs that Romania goes in the right direction. "
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