\n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Two firms tried to commercialize this concept: Messerschmitt-B\u00f6lkow-Blohm<\/a> (MBB), and Riva-Calzoni. The German firm, MBB, was the direct corporate descendant of the famed aircraft manufacturer of the Third Reich.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 While never commercially successful, optimal material economy has for decades been a siren\u2019s song luring designers onto the rocks of flimsy, one-blade designs. German engineers have been particularly susceptible because of Ulrich H\u00fctter\u2019s 1940s\u2019 doctoral thesis on the design of inexpensive, high-performance wind turbines.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u00fctter taught for many years at the University of Stuttgart\u2019s Institute of Aircraft Design, alongside Professor Franz Wortman, himself well known for airfoil sections at the Institute of Aerodynamics. Wortman and his students pursued H\u00fctter\u2019s minimalist design philosophy to its logical conclusion: the one-blade FLAIR or Flexible Autonomous 1-Bladed Rotor.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 FLAIR\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the mid-1980s, Wortman installed a FLAIR prototype 8 meters (26 ft) in diameter at the university\u2019s test field near Schnittlingen, in southern Germany\u2019s Swabian Alps. The novel downwind rotor drove a 5.1 kW, four-pole induction generator\u2014it, too, out of the ordinary. The generator on the grid-connected version incorporated high slip (14 percent), enabling the turbine to regulate rotor speed within a vary narrow range by using its Watt or \u201cfly-ball\u201d governor.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MBB\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Originally developed for the German washing machine company B\u00f6we, FLAIR was subsequently sold to aerospace giant MBB. From it, MBB developed the Monopteros 15 series: turbines with rotors from 12.5 to 17 meters (40 to 55 ft) in diameter, driving generators from 15 to 30 kW (see figure 6-sb1, Monopteros 20). MBB also introduced a greatly scaled-up version of Wortman\u2019s FLAIR: the Monopteros 50 series, with rotor diameters from 47 to 56 meters (150 to 180 ft), rated from 550 kW to 1 megawatt. MBB\u2019s work on the turbine ceased in 1986 after Wortman\u2019s death.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Riva-Calzoni\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Independently of Wortman\u2019s group, Riva Calzoni developed its own one-blade design. An Italian heavy-engineering company, Riva Calzoni built 25 of its MP5 and another 25 of its MP7 models by 1992, when it abandoned the small turbine market . In the mid-1990s, one MP5 could be found in Milan\u2019s Technical Museum.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Both MBB and Riva Calzoni found that it was more profitable to build larger turbines for commercial wind farms than small turbines for rural residences. At one time MBB envisioned building monstrous 5 MW versions, dubbed GROWIAN II (Grosse Wind Energie Anlage) along the German coast. But MBB completed only three 640 kW Monopteros 50 models near Wilhelmshaven before abandoning the program. Of the two firms, Riva Calzoni was the more successful.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Riva-Calzoni built its 350 kW, M33 model in Bologna and eventually installed more than 100 in Italy before discarding the one-blade approach entirely.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Central Appenine town of Tocco da Casauria<\/a> (Pescara) installed two of Riva-Calzoni\u2019s wind turbines 1992. The town prides itself on its firsts\u2014the first oil oil well drilled in Italy (1863) and the first community wind turbines.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The town commemorated installation of the wind turbines with a mural depicting the wind turbines on the rural landscape.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Riva-Calzoni\u2019s turbines were replaced in 2006 with two Enercon E48 turbinesand expanded the project in 2009 with two more E48s. The four turbines comprise a wind plant of 3.2 MW capable of generating more than 7 million kWh annually.\n<\/p>\n \n\t\u00a0\n<\/p>\n \n\t5 reasons why you can become an Add-Energy Renewable Romania PARTNER<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n \n\tTo register your Company as ADD ENERGY PARTNER , please access \u00a0 <\/b> \n\tFor other informations click to <\/b> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Of course, you only need one blade to perform the function of sweeping the entire wind stream, but we often use two or three blades for mechanical reasons. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 That the idea is not so crazy as it first sounds is indicated by NASA\u2019s experiment with one 15-meter long blade on its test turbine … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,349],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informatii-din-presa-internationala","category-international-press"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13752"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13752\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/add-energy.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"register_now_2\"](\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mod-0_Wind_turbine.jpg\")
<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"