Register | PARTNERS Login | Contact

 Linkedin-logo-icon     new-facebook-logo     youtube    Logo-issuu-01    Prezi-logo-png-on-mevvy.com_

    Add Energy Renewable NEWS SLIDER

  • Română
  • English

Add Energy Renewable Romania

  • Home
  • AddEnergy Blog
  • Company
    • Meet our team
    • Add Energy Presentation
    • Other Informations on request
    • Answers to your requests
    • 5 reasons why you can become an Add-Energy PARTNER
    • Add Energy Renewable Romania Partnership
    • Add Energy PARTNERS Section
    • Contact
  • Portfolio
    • Special Services presented by Add Energy
    • Special Services presented by Add Energy, Blog
    • Project Management
    • The development of an Wind Energy Park
    • Necessary links
    • Necessary links – Blog stile
    • Specialized Add Energy Studies – List
    • Studii de specialitate – Blog
    • ECO Tourism
      • Romanian Eco Tourism
      • World wide EcoTourism
    • Technologies used in obtaining Energy from Renewable Sources
      • Types of renewable energy – wind turbine
      • types of renewable energy – solar thermal, photovoltaic
      • Types of Renewable Energy – Geothermal
      • Types of renewable energy – Biomass
      • Types of Renewable Energy – oceans energy
      • Types of renewable energy – hydro
      • Tipuri de energie regenerabila – Hidrogen
    • Tehnologii ce produc Energie Regenerabila, Blog
  • Media
    • Add Energy Renewable NEWS SLIDER
    • Add Energy media Presentations
    • Climate and the Environment
    • Campaigns selected by Add Energy
    • Campanii actuale selectate de Add Energy, Blog
    • Photo shared
    • Photo database
    • Videos gallery “shared”
    • Add Energy presented Publications
      • European Wind Energy Association Publications
      • World Wind Energy Association Publications
      • IRENA Publications
      • Natural Resources Canada Publications
  • Events
    • Romanian Events
    • Global Events
  • Statistics
    • Romanian Statistics
    • Romanian Statistics Blog Stile
    • European Statistics
    • European Statistics Blog stile
    • World wide Statistics
    • Global Statistics Blog Stile
  • Legislation
    • Energy Promotion System
    • Environment
    • Town Planning
    • Measurements
    • Technical design
    • Architecture
    • Construction – Consulting and Execution
    • Instalations – Consulting and Execution
    • Other Legislation
  • Job Portal
    • Job Portal, Blog
aside
This entry was posted in Technologies used in obtaining Energy from Renewable sources, Types of renewable energy - Biomass. Bookmark the permalink.

Measuring the Potential of Switchgrass Pellets

  President Barack Obama wants U.S. scientists to pursue an “all-of-the-above” strategy in developing new sources of domestic energy.Agricultural Research Service agronomist Paul Adler is providing complete cost-benefit breakdowns for using switchgrass pellets instead of fuel oil to heat homes and businesses in the Northeast.

  “There have been a lot of studies on bioenergy potential,” says Adler, who works at the ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit in University Park, Pennsylvania. “Most of them are focusing on transportation, but we still need a viable, commercial, biobased fuel substitute for petroleum. In the meantime, our studies suggest that we already have opportunities to use homegrown feedstocks for producing heat, and that we can save money, reduce petroleum use, and cut greenhouse gas production in the process.”

   Adler and others conducted a life-cycle assessment comparing costs of energy generation from coal, natural gas, fuel oil, and switchgrass in the form of energy-dense cubes, briquettes, and pellets. His research partners included ARS technician Fred McNeal, Pennsylvania State University graduate student Tom Wilson, Wilson’s advisor David Abler, and Drexel University assistant professor Sabrina Spatari.

   The researchers calculated the economic outlays associated with switchgrass production throughout the supply chain and the amounts of greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane—emitted during switchgrass production, densification, and conversion to heat and power. This included the first life-cycle inventory of switchgrass seed production and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with it, which the team developed using real-world information from a Pennsylvania producer.

   The analysis indicated that 192 pounds of “carbon dioxide equivalent,” or CO2e, were emitted for every ton of switchgrass dry matter that was grown, harvested, and delivered to densification plants for processing into pellets. CO2e is a measurement used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based on their global-warming potential.

   More than 54 percent of these emissions were from nitrous oxide resulting from nitrogen fertilizer application, while farm equipment operation also produced substantial levels of greenhouse gases. Processing each ton of dry matter into pellets generated another 287 pounds of CO2e; 78 percent of these emissions stemmed from grinding and pelletizing processes, with the remainder coming from the drum dryer.

   The analysis indicated that 192 pounds of “carbon dioxide equivalent,” or CO2e, were emitted for every ton of switchgrass dry matter that was grown, harvested, and delivered to densification plants for processing into pellets. CO2e is a measurement used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based on their global-warming potential.

   More than 54 percent of these emissions were from nitrous oxide resulting from nitrogen fertilizer application, while farm equipment operation also produced substantial levels of greenhouse gases. Processing each ton of dry matter into pellets generated another 287 pounds of CO2e; 78 percent of these emissions stemmed from grinding and pelletizing processes, with the remainder coming from the drum dryer.

Masurarea potentialului peletelor din iarba prelucrata 01

   According to the team’s calculations, heating with switchgrass pellets would continue to be less expensive even if switchgrass production costs rose 200 percent and the price of fuel oil dropped 70 percent. These findings are based on the average heating-oil price from the 2010-2011 heating season, which was $0.90 per liter. But even if fuel-oil prices dropped to their 10-year average of $0.62, it would still cost less to generate a gigajoule of heat using switchgrass pellets.

   Coal is a somewhat different story. Although substituting biomass for coal in electric generation substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions, it would come at a high cost to domestic consumers. Using coal, it would cost $31.03 to generate each megawatt of electricity, but using switchgrass briquettes would cost $154.62, and switchgrass cubes would cost $156.52. (Briquettes and cubes were used in this series of life-cycle analyses because of their lower energy intensity relative to pellets.) So even though greenhouse gas emissions would drop dramatically by using switchgrass to generate power, these reductions are achieved at a high cost relative to coal—an outcome called “positive abatement costs” that policymakers would like to avoid.

  Using projections from the U.S. Department of Energy’s “Billion Ton Report,” the scientists concluded that by 2022 there would be enough sustainably harvested biomass available in the northeastern United States to offset the entire regional demand for heating oil. This would save consumers between $2.3 and $3.9 billion per year in fuel costs.

   It would also reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the Northeast — currently around 885 million tons of CO2e every year — by 5 percent. Many renewable-fuel projects are tasked with finding cost-effective strategies for generating electricity with biomass instead of coal, but replacing fuel oil with switchgrass pellets in home heating systems could become just as beneficial.

Masurarea potentialului peletelor din iarba prelucrata 02

    Van Vugt, who also started a company called “Pequest Energy” with the goal of using locally grown and sustainable sources of biofuel for energy production, already burns pellets made from locally grown warm-season grasses to heat some of his greenhouses.

   The scientists have published their results in Environmental Science & Technology. Wilson, who conducted the work as part of his master’s program, was the lead author. Adler notes that this research—which is the first published life-cycle analysis of the costs and benefits of using switchgrass-derived fuel for U.S. thermal generation—demonstrates that the energy contained in switchgrass pellets compares favorably with that contained in petroleum-based fuels.

   “We can use a ton of pellets made from dried switchgrass to replace 116 gallons of fuel oil that contains 17.2 megajoules of energy. Or we can use a ton of switchgrass pellets to replace 50 gallons of gasoline that contains 6.2 megajoules of energy. So using biomass to replace fuel oil displaces more than twice as much petroleum as using biomass to replace gasoline,” says Adler. “If we use the switchgrass to replace fuel oil instead of the coal used to generate electricity, we also substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions at a much lower cost to consumers—and help meet our long-term goals for domestic energy production from alternative fuels.”

Masurarea potentialului peletelor din iarba prelucrata 03

     —– source    renewableenergyworld.com  —–

 

5 reasons why you can become an Add-Energy Renewable Romania PARTNER

To register your Company as ADD ENERGY PARTNER , please access   register_now_2

For other informations click to Contact-Us

 

%A %B %e%q, %Y at %I:%M %p

by Add Energy Renewable Romania
Posted in Technologies used in obtaining Energy from Renewable sources, Types of renewable energy - Biomass Bookmark the permalink.

Post navigation

← Previous Next →

Register to Add Energy Renewable Romania NEWSLETTER

Sign-up to our NEWSLETTER

NEWEST Renewable Add Energy Informations

  • Local Press release
  • INTERNATIONAL PRESS RELEASES
  • Video Material
  • Facebook
  • Linkedin

  • Don't have an account?
  • Lost your password?

  • Have an account?

  • Back to login
Loading

Add Energy PARTNERS Section

  • Add Energy Presentation
  • 5 Reasons why you can become an Add-Energy PARTNER
  • Add Energy PARTNERS Section

Add Energy Renewable MEDIA

  • AddEnergy Blog
  • Add Energy media Presentations
  • Campaigns selected by Add Energy
  • Campanii actuale selectate de Add Energy, varianta Blog
  • Climate and the Environment
  • Informatii din presa Nationala
  • INTERNATIONAL PRESS RELEASES
  • Photo “shared”
  • Photo database
  • Videos gallery “shared”

Technical Services presented by Add Energy Renewable Romania

  • Add Energy News
  • Project Management
    • The development of an Wind Energy Park
    • Architecture
    • Technical Desigh
    • Construction – Consulting and Execution
    • Raw Construction materials and materials acquisition
    • Electrical installations – Consultancy and Execution
    • Land Measurements
    • Legal advice
  • Marketing, by Add Energy
  • Specializes Studies – Blog
January 2021
M T W T F S S
« Oct    
 123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031

Technical Studies presented by Add Energy Renewable Romania

  • Study for connecting users to public electricity networks
  • G.I.S. ( Geographic Information System )
  • Zoning Plan
  • Geotechnical Study
  • Buying a measuring climatic conditions pole
  • Technical documentation for the ANIF RA agreement for the investment objective
  • Shadow Study
  • Appropriate Environmental Assessment Study
  • Study Report on Environmental Impact Assessment
  • Environmental Report required for Zoning Plan approval
  • Environmental Impact Report on continuation after completion
  • Report on further environmental impact assessment, Phase of works C + M *
  • Presentation sheet and statement required to obtain environmental permits

New Technologies used in obtaining Energy from Renewable Sources

  • Wind energy – Technology
  • Technologies for solar energy – Heat – Photovoltaics
  • Technologies of biomass energy production
  • Technologies for renewable Hydropower Energy
  • Technologies for Geothermal Energy
  • Technologies for renewable energy – Oceans
  • Technologies for obtaining Hydrogen Energy

Add Energy Renewable Events

  • Romanian Events
  • Global Events

Add Energy Renewable Publications

  • New Add Energy Publications
  • “European Wind Energy Association” Publications
  • “World Wind Energy Association” Publications
  • I.R.E.N.A. Publications
  • “Natural Resources Canada” Publications

Add Energy Renewable Media

  • AddEnergy Blog
  • Add Energy media Presentations
  • Campaigns selected by Add Energy
  • Campanii actuale selectate de Add Energy, varianta Blog
  • Climate and the Environment
  • Informatii din presa Nationala
  • INTERNATIONAL PRESS RELEASES
  • Photo “shared”
  • Photo database
  • Videos gallery “shared”

New Technologies used in obtaining Energy from Renewable Sources

  • Wind energy – Technology
  • Technologies for solar energy – Heat – Photovoltaics
  • Technologies of biomass energy production
  • Technologies for renewable Hydropower Energy
  • Technologies for Geothermal Energy
  • Technologies for renewable energy – Oceans
  • Technologies for obtaining Hydrogen Energy

Services provided by Add Energy

  • Add Energy News
  • Project Management
    • The development of an Wind Energy Park
    • Architecture
    • Technical Desigh
    • Construction – Consulting and Execution
    • Raw Construction materials and materials acquisition
    • Electrical installations – Consultancy and Execution
    • Land Measurements
    • Legal advice
  • Marketing, by Add Energy
  • Specializes Studies – Blog

Copyright Add Energy Renewable Romania © 2013. All Rights Reserved.